PRE-PARTITION'S ORTHODOX HINDUS AND 21ST CENTURY HINDU NATIONALISTS: A THREAT TO THE MUSLIMS EXISTENCE IN THE SUB-CONTINENT

Abstract

This paper examines the historical and contemporary dynamics of Hindu nationalism and its implications for Muslim existence in the Indian sub-continent. By tracing the roots of orthodox Hindu ideology in the pre-partition era and its evolution into modern Hindu nationalism, this study reveals the persistent threats faced by Muslims in the region. The rise of 21st-century Hindu nationalist movements, fueled by extremist ideologies and political power, has led to increased marginalization, violence, and exclusion of Muslims in India and beyond. This research explores the interplay between historical and contemporary factors, including political, social, and religious forces that contribute to the precarious situation of Muslims in the sub-continent. By analyzing the nexus between pre-partition orthodox Hinduism and modern Hindu nationalism, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex challenges faced by Muslims in the region and inform strategies for promoting inclusivity, diversity, and peaceful coexistence. Through a critical examination of historical events, political discourses, and social dynamics, this study reveals the ways in which Hindu nationalist ideologies have perpetuated a culture of fear, intolerance, and violence against Muslims. By shedding light on the roots and ramifications of this phenomenon, this research seeks to spark a nuanced conversation about the urgent need for inclusive and equitable societies in the sub-continent, where diverse communities can coexist with dignity and respect.